Diagnosis and measurement of anxiety disorder in adolescents: A review of commonly used instruments
- Abstract:
- As part of a comprehensive review of clinical research tools used in adolescent psychiatric disorders, a survey of 200 recent studies of adolescent anxiety (publication dates of December 1994 to May 2001) identified 70 different diagnostic and symptom measurement instruments. The design features and psychometric properties of the 15 most commonly used instruments were reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses were evaluated. The conclusions arising from this review are: (1) too many different instruments are being used by investigators; (2) more than 20% of studies did not report the use of developmentally appropriate (i.e., child/adolescent-specific) diagnostic instruments; (3) another 15% of these studies relied on diagnostic instruments that demonstrate substantial weaknesses in reliability and validity; (4) the concordance between anxiety disorder diagnoses from different interview schedules is unknown; (5) the relative validity of diagnoses and ratings of anxiety severity based on information yielded by parents versus information yielded by adolescents is unclear; (6) clinician-rated symptom severity scales specific to anxiety disorder are rarely utilized; (7) the most commonly used self-report measures discriminate poorly between anxiety and depression, and their items are not indexed to specific anxiety disorders; and (8) some newer self-report anxiety instruments discriminate well between anxiety and depression and have diagnostic validity for specific anxiety disorders.
- DOI:
- Doi 10.1089/104454603322572688
- URL:
- <Go to ISI>://WOS:000186238600018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14642023 - Journal:
- Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
- issn:
- 1044-5463
- Publication year:
- 2003
- pages:
- 351-400
- Symptom status:
- Cognitive/mental state
Emotional state - Functional status:
- Cognitive/mental functioning
- Age:
- Children (0-18)
- Disease:
- Mental and behavioural disorders and related symptoms
- PRO / non-PRO:
- Non-patient Reported Outcome
Patient Reported Outcome - Type of measurement instrument:
- 1 - Questionnaires
2 - Interviews
5 - Videos
6 - Clinical rating scales - Instrument:
- ADIS - Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (versions: clinician-administered; ADIS-C - Child version; ADIS-P - Parent version)
BAI - Beck Anxiety Inventory (versions: BAI-Youth)
CAPA - Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment
CASI - Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index
CBCL - Child Behavior Checklist (versions: CBCL-2; CBCL-3; CBCL-ADHD; CBCL-teacher rated; CBCL-Y - CBCL Youth; CBCL/6-18) | 
CIDI - Composite International Diagnostic Interview
DAS - Dental Anxiety Scale (versions: mDAS; DAS-5 - DAS 5 year; MCDAS - Modified Child DAS; MCDAS-SF; MCDAS with Faces)
DICA-IV - Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents version IV
DICA-R - Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents–Revised
DISC - Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (versions: DISC-Y: youngster; DISC-P: Parent; DISC-R; DISC-2.1 - DISC version 2.1; DISC-2.3 - DISC version 2.3; DISC-IV - DISC versions IV)
FSSC-R - Fear Survey Schedule for Children-revised (versions: FSSC-II)
K-SADS-E - Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic
K-SADS-PL - Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime
K-SADS-P - Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children–Present State
K-SADS - Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children
MASC - Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (versions: MASC-2)
MAS - Manifest Anxiety Scale (versions: MAS-sf; CMAS; RCMAS; RCMAS-2; AMAS; AMAS-e)
PARS - Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale
SAS - Social Anxiety Scale (versions: SASC; SASC-R; SAS-A; SASA)
SCARED - Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (versions: SCARED-R; SCARED-71)
SCAS - Self-Care Assessment Schedule
SPAI-C - Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory for children
SPAI - Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory
STAIC - State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children
STAI - State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (versions: STAI-X - STAI Form X; STAI-Y - STAI Form Y; STAI sf; STAI-4; STAI-6)
YSR - Youth Self-Report